Cattle grazing effects on plant species composition and soil compaction on rehabilitated forest landings in central interior British Columbia

Published source details Krzic M., Newman R., Trethewey C., Bulmer C. & Chapman B. (2006) Cattle grazing effects on plant species composition and soil compaction on rehabilitated forest landings in central interior British Columbia. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (SWCS), 61, 137-144.
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This study is summarised as evidence for the following.

	Action	Category
	Fence to prevent grazing after tree planting Action Link

Fence to prevent grazing after tree planting

A replicated, randomized, controlled study in 1998-2003 in boreal forest in British Columbia, Canada (Krzic et al. 2006) found that cattle exclusion in rehabilitated forest areas increased the cover of planted lodgepole pine Pinus contorta and one of four non-native forage species alsike clover Trifolium hybridum, but not of any native species. Cover of lodgepole pine (ungrazed: 4.5%; grazed: 2%) and alsike clover (ungrazed: 4%; grazed: 2.5%) was higher in ungrazed plots. In contrast, cover of the other three common non-native forage species (1-19%), of the three common native species (0-5%) and of the invasive weed oxeye daisy‏ Leucanthemum vulgare (15-27%) was similar between treatments. Data were collected in 2003 in 0.1 ha ungrazed area (fenced with 1.5 m high wire) and 0.2 ha grazed area (230 cow-calf pairs and 20 bulls in May-June and August-September since 1999). Three forest areas were created in mid 1970s and failed to naturally regenerate, planted with 2,450 lodgepole pine seedlings/ha in May 1999.