Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Shield lights to reduce mortality from artificial lightsA replicated, controlled study in Hawaii found that fewer Newell’s shearwaters Puffinus newelli were found grounded when security lights were shielded, compared to nights when they were not.  Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F469https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F469Wed, 29 Aug 2012 16:27:35 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Skunk cabbage: Biological control using co-evolved, host specific herbivores No evidence was captured on biological control of skunk cabbage using co-evolved, host specific herbivores. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.    Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1098https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1098Tue, 13 Oct 2015 14:05:44 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Skunk cabbage: Biological control using native herbivores No evidence was captured on biological control of skunk cabbage using native herbivores. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.    Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1099https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1099Tue, 13 Oct 2015 14:07:24 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Skunk cabbage: Biological control using fungal-based herbicides No evidence was captured on biological control of skunk cabbage using fungal-based herbicides. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.    Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1100https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1100Tue, 13 Oct 2015 14:08:29 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Skunk cabbage: Physical removal A study in Switzerland found that annual physical removal of recently established skunk cabbage plants over five years removed the entire stock. A study in the Netherlands found that manual removal of mature skunk cabbage plants was effective for a small outbreak of a small-growing plant. A study in Germany reported that after the first four years of a twice yearly full removal programme of skunk cabbage, a large number of plants still needed to be removed each year. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1101https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1101Tue, 13 Oct 2015 14:11:52 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Skunk cabbage: Chemical control using herbicides A study in the UK found that two herbicides, glyphosate and 2, 4-D Amine, both killed all skunk cabbage plants in test areas. However, another study in the UK found that although using 2,4-D amine at 9 litres/ha, successfully eradicated skunk cabbage, using glyphosate was unsuccessful at eradicating skunk cabbage, with only limited reduction in growth of the plants. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1102https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1102Tue, 13 Oct 2015 14:18:08 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Skunk cabbage: Combination treatment using herbicides and physical removal No evidence was found for use of combination treatment using herbicides and physical removal to control skunk cabbage. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.    Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1103https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1103Tue, 13 Oct 2015 14:27:15 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Skunk cabbage: Use of hydrogen peroxide No evidence was found for use of hydrogen peroxide to control skunk cabbage. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.    Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1104https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1104Tue, 13 Oct 2015 14:28:18 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Skunk cabbage: Use of liquid nitrogen No evidence was found for use of liquid nitrogen to control skunk cabbage. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.    Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1105https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1105Tue, 13 Oct 2015 14:29:18 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Skunk cabbage: Use of flame treatment No evidence was found for use of flame treatment to control skunk cabbage. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.    Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1106https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1106Tue, 13 Oct 2015 14:30:10 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Skunk cabbage: Use of a tarpaulin No evidence was found for use of a tarpaulin to control skunk cabbage. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.  Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1107https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1107Tue, 13 Oct 2015 14:31:04 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Skunk cabbage: Environmental control (e.g. shading, or promotion of native plants) No evidence was captured on the use of environmental control of skunk cabbage using shading or promotion of competitive native plants. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.    Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1108https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1108Tue, 13 Oct 2015 14:32:17 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Skunk cabbage: Public education No evidence was captured on the impact of public education programmes on control of skunk cabbage. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.    Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1109https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1109Tue, 13 Oct 2015 14:33:09 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Shorten livestock grazing period or control grazing season in forests One replicated, controlled study in Spain found that shortening the livestock grazing period increased the abundance and size of regenerating oak trees. One paired-sites study in Australia found no effect of shortening the livestock grazing period on native plant species richness. One replicated study in the UK found that the number of tree seedlings was higher following summer compared to winter grazing.  Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1208https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1208Thu, 19 May 2016 14:33:45 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Shorten the period during which livestock can graze One replicated, controlled, before-and-after study in the UK found that shortening the period in which livestock can graze had mixed effects on heather, bilberry, crowberry, and grass cover. One replicated, randomized, controlled study in the UK found that grazing in only winter or summer did not affect heather or grass height compared to year-round grazing. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1609https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1609Sun, 22 Oct 2017 10:22:35 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Slow down input water to allow more time for pollutants to be removed One study evaluated the effects, on peatland vegetation, of slowing down input water to allow more time for pollutants to be removed. The study was in a fen. Characteristic plants (1 study): One before-and-after study in a floating fen in the Netherlands found that after input water was rerouted on a longer path (along with other interventions to reduce pollution), cover of mosses characteristic of low nutrient levels increased. Vegetation structure (1 study): The same study found that after input water was rerouted on a longer path (along with other interventions to reduce pollution), vascular plant biomass decreased. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1780https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1780Tue, 28 Nov 2017 08:14:21 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Set unwanted catch quotas We found no studies that evaluated the effects of setting unwanted catch quotas on subtidal benthic invertebrate populations.   ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this intervention during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore, we have no evidence to indicate whether or not the intervention has any desirable or harmful effects.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2116https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2116Tue, 22 Oct 2019 09:47:18 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Site management for target mammal species carried out by field sport practitioners One study evaluated the effects of site management for a target mammal species being carried out by field sport practitioners. This study was in Ireland. COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) POPULATION RESPONSE (1 STUDY) Abundance (1 study): A replicated, site comparison study in the Republic of Ireland found that sites managed for the sport of coursing Irish hares held more of this species than did the wider countryside. BEHAVIOUR (0 STUDIES)Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2605https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2605Thu, 11 Jun 2020 15:49:34 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Slow rotation of turbine blades at low wind speeds One study evaluated the effects of slowing the rotation of turbine blades at low wind speeds on bat populations. The study was in Canada. COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) POPULATION RESPONSE (1 STUDY) Survival (1 study): One replicated, randomized, controlled study in Canada found that bat fatalities were reduced when turbine blades were slowed at low wind speeds. BEHAVIOUR (0 STUDIES)Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2939https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2939Fri, 12 Feb 2021 16:16:13 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Slow down input water to allow more time for pollutants to be removedWe found no studies that evaluated the effects, on marsh or swamp vegetation, of slowing down input water to allow more time for pollutants to be removed.   ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3144https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3144Mon, 05 Apr 2021 15:14:35 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Soak non-woody plants before planting: freshwater wetlandsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects – on emergent, non-woody plants typical of freshwater wetlands – of soaking them before planting.   ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3359https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3359Sun, 11 Apr 2021 17:33:05 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Soak non-woody plants before planting: brackish/saline wetlandsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects – on emergent, non-woody plants typical of brackish/saline wetlands – of soaking them before planting.   ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3360https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3360Sun, 11 Apr 2021 17:33:18 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Soak seeds of non-woody plants before sowing: freshwater wetlands One study evaluated the effects – on emergent, non-woody plants typical of freshwater wetlands – of soaking their seeds before sowing. The study was in a greenhouse in the USA. VEGETATION COMMUNITY   VEGETATION ABUNDANCE   VEGETATION STRUCTURE   OTHER Germination/emergence (1 study): One replicated, randomized, controlled study in a greenhouse in the USA found that soaking bulrush seeds in water before sowing typically had no significant effect on their germination rate – especially amongst seeds that had not been manipulated in any other way before soaking. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3363https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3363Sun, 11 Apr 2021 20:16:17 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Soak seeds of non-woody plants before sowing: brackish/saline wetlandsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects – on emergent, non-woody plants typical of brackish/saline wetlands – of soaking their seeds before sowing.   ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3364https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3364Sun, 11 Apr 2021 20:16:50 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Soak tree/shrub seeds before sowing: brackish/saline wetlandsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects – on trees/shrubs typical of brackish/saline wetlands – of soaking their seeds before sowing.   ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3366https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3366Sun, 11 Apr 2021 20:17:12 +0100
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What Works in Conservation

What Works in Conservation provides expert assessments of the effectiveness of actions, based on summarised evidence, in synopses. Subjects covered so far include amphibians, birds, mammals, forests, peatland and control of freshwater invasive species. More are in progress.

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